civil engineering

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.^[1][2][3] Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering,^[4] and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.^[5] It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering,^[4] surveying, and construction engineering.^[6] Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to federal levels, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.^{[citation needed]}

Contents

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• 1 History of the civil engineering profession
• 2 History of civil engineering
• 3 The civil engineer
  • 3.1 Education and licensure
  • 3.2 Careers
• 4 Sub-disciplines
  • 4.1 Coastal engineering
  • 4.2 Construction engineering
  • 4.3 Earthquake engineering
  • 4.4 Environmental engineering
  • 4.5 Geotechnical engineering
  • 4.6 Water resources engineering
  • 4.7 Materials engineering
  • 4.8 Structural engineering
  • 4.9 Surveying
  • 4.10 Transportation engineering
  • 4.11 Municipal or urban engineering
• 5 See also
• 6 References
• 7 External links